The Use Of Specific Expertise While Research On Documents Made In The Form Of Plastic Cards
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Національний науковий центр «Інститут судових експертиз ім. Засл. проф. М.С. Бокаріуса»
Анотація
he article highlights issues related to the rising circulation of
documents made on the basis of plastic cards in Ukraine and the increase
in offenses involving their use. Timely application of specific expertise,
the necessity of which is determined by the specificity of the objects, is of
particular importance in the investigation of offenses characterized by
forgery of plastic cards. Supplementing the methodology for plastic card
research using specific expertise should be used in combination with
possibilities of traditional forensic examination.
The article covers questioned document examination that is most often
used in proceedings in which research objects are forged plastic cards.
Emphasis is made on the characteristics of plastic cards and their protection
against forgery as the main research objects. It is emphasized that means of
card security, often referred to as security elements, include the following:
graphic record, embossing, barcodes, magnetic stripe coding, chip, and
laser recording.
The analysis of forensic examinations conducted during the pre-trial
proceedings concerning forged vehicle registration certificates and driver’s
licenses is provided. The article details peculiarities of forgery production
and stresses issues that cannot be solved with the help of traditional forensic
examination methods. The application of specific expertise is possible within
advisory activities concerning identification of potential violations involving
forged plastic cards.
The author has concluded that there is a need to conduct multidisciplinary
expert research on plastic cards. This research would determine: whether
the card submitted for study has been forged and how the forgery has been
executed; whether the card has been produced by the issuing enterprise; and
whether the examined card has been made from the same materials and on
the same technological equipment as other cards from the same batch, etc.
Diverse methods of committing violations using plastic cards, use of
modern technical means by the offenders, and the insufficient informational
support of investigators and forensic experts during a pre-trial proceeding
lead to low effectiveness in revealing such types of offences
Опис
Plastic card documents are increasingly subjected to
criminal offenses. At present, under the influence of scientific progress,
the possibilities for forensic research in general, and its various types in
particular, have considerably expanded: the range of research objects and
the application of scientifically justified methods and means have vastly rown, contributing to solving the tasks set before forensic experts within
investigative and judicial practice.
As of today, unfortunately, there is no perfect methodology for
determining forged documents made in the form of plastic cards. However,
questioned document examination is widely used in expert practice, and
plastic documents are no exception.
In order to study the aforementioned objects, forensic experts have a large
arsenal of specialized methods and technical tools that allow them to identify
cases of document forgery, and in situations where modifications have
been made to authentic documents, to ascertain their original content. The
primary methods among these include: visual-microscopic; color separation;
contrast enhancement; research using invisible rays of the spectrum, such as
ultraviolet and infrared; luminescence; and wet copying, etc.
However, an analysis of the practice of countering criminal offenses
involving the use of forged plastic documents suggests that they are
complex to study. The forensic support of such crimes evidently lags behind
the ingenuity of offenders and, unfortunately, does not always provide
a comprehensive set of methods and tools required for expert research
on documents made in the form of plastic cards. Therefore, identifying
peculiarities of studying plastic documents and characterizing the specific
questions that need to be addressed when conducting forensic examination
of forged plastic cards is a pressing task in forensic science.
Ключові слова
plastic card, document forgery, questioned document examination, multidisciplinary forensic research, vehicle registration certificate, driver’s license, security elements of plastic card
Бібліографічний опис
The article highlights issues related to the rising circulation of
documents made on the basis of plastic cards in Ukraine and the increase
in offenses involving their use. Timely application of specific expertise,
the necessity of which is determined by the specificity of the objects, is of
particular importance in the investigation of offenses characterized by
forgery of plastic cards. Supplementing the methodology for plastic card
research using specific expertise should be used in combination with
possibilities of traditional forensic examination.
The article covers questioned document examination that is most often
used in proceedings in which research objects are forged plastic cards.
Emphasis is made on the characteristics of plastic cards and their protection
against forgery as the main research objects. It is emphasized that means of
card security, often referred to as security elements, include the following:
graphic record, embossing, barcodes, magnetic stripe coding, chip, and
laser recording.
The analysis of forensic examinations conducted during the pre-trial
proceedings concerning forged vehicle registration certificates and driver’s
licenses is provided. The article details peculiarities of forgery production
and stresses issues that cannot be solved with the help of traditional forensic
examination methods. The application of specific expertise is possible within
advisory activities concerning identification of potential violations involving
forged plastic cards.
The author has concluded that there is a need to conduct multidisciplinary
expert research on plastic cards. This research would determine: whether
the card submitted for study has been forged and how the forgery has been
executed; whether the card has been produced by the issuing enterprise; and
whether the examined card has been made from the same materials and on
the same technological equipment as other cards from the same batch, etc.
Diverse methods of committing violations using plastic cards, use of
modern technical means by the offenders, and the insufficient informational
support of investigators and forensic experts during a pre-trial proceeding
lead to low effectiveness in revealing such types of offences